
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ Ecole Centrale Paris, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 25 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵉⵥⵕⴰⴼ, ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵙ)
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⴰⵀⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ
ⵖⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵡⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ (CGEM) ⵙⴳ 2014, ⴷ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ (Ecole Centrale Casablanca), ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴳⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ “ⴽⵓ ⵃⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⴼⵓⵟⵏ”
ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2019 ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⵓ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961 ⵖ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵛⵉⵡⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 1998, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ 2000, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⴳⴳ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ 2008.
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵖⴷⴰⵍ 2004, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵛⴰⵡⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 2005, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴹⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 2011-2016
ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ 2009-2012
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1964 ⵖ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵄⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵖ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ- ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⵛ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ “ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ”
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵟ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 1997 ⴰⵔ 2008, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2017
ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 15 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1971 ⵖ ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵊⴷⴰ, ⵉⴹⴼⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵍⵉⵍ ⵖ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ