ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵍⵄⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1951
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵍⵄⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵖ ⵕⴱⴰⵟ 1979, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1982
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵍⵄⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵔⴼⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 1984 ⴰⵔ 1994, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ, ⴰⵙⵎⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵍⵄⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⴳ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⵉ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ 2006 ⴰⵔ 2016
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵍⵄⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ .

ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ ⵄⵏⵏⵓⵣ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975 ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ ⵄⵏⵏⵓⵣ ⵜⵓⵎⵣ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵕⴰ ⵖ ⵓⴷⵍⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵖ ⴼⴰⵙ; ⵜⵓⵎⵣ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵎⵓⵊ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⴰⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ ⵄⵏⵏⵓⵣ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⵉⵡⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵯ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⵉⵡⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001 ⴰⵔ 2013, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⵉⵡⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ ⵄⵏⵏⵓⵣⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵔⵣⵓⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵡⵙⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵜⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴱⴷⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵉⴳⵔⵜ

ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022.
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉⵜⵓⵎⵣ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ II, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵀⴰⵔⴼⴰⵔⴷ ⵖ ⴱⵓⵙⵟⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉ ⵜⵓⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵏⴽ, ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ
ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵏⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019 ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵜⴼⵕⵕⵓ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ , ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 2008, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ 2009 ⴰⵔ 2018, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵣⴰⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ 2011

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇ ⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1984, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ 1991, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏⵜ MBA ENPC-EHTP 2000, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴽⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ 2015, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ,ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴷⵉⴷ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 1999, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ 2012 ⴰⵔ 2016, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2012
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2012, ⴷ ⵙⴳ 2017 ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ, ⵖⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵇⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⴽⵓⴼⵓⵏⵉⵜ

ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⴼ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1996, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⴰⵙⵙⵉⵟⵉⵢⵏ

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴱⵄⵡⴰⵏⴽⴰⵔⵉ (Henri Poincaré) ⴳ ⵏⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ 1989, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵓⵜ ⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵏⵜ (Ecole Polytech’ Nantes) ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴼⵕⵕⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵙⴷ 1985 ⴰⵔ 1992
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵏ 16 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2014, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2011 ⴰⵔ 2018